AP Art History Free Essays

Assyrian lord, Sargon II increased huge force in an upset against his sibling. In festivity of his triumph, and in an indecent advancement of his capacity, he raised or rather appointed a huge stronghold with seven doors in the city of Dur Sharrukin (present day Khorsabad, Iraq). Each entryway was protected by a couple of alabaster Lamassu, an animal with the body of a bull, wings of a flying creature of prey, legs of a lion, and the essence of Sargon II himself. We will compose a custom article test on AP Art History or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now More than two centuries earlier, the greywacke Palette of King Narmer was available for use around a recently brought together Egypt. The two works were made in festivity of a monarch’s power however did so ways excellent of their individual culture. The Palette of King Narmer utilizes broad imagery to speak to the force he had at that point. In Egypt, the intensity of a ruler was legitimately attached to the divine beings, which raises the main image utilized on the palette, two dairy animals in the top register of either side. Dairy animals are the image of the goddess Hathor, the central god of bliss, music, and parenthood. Between the dairy animals is the symbolic representation for Narmer. The entirety of this together firmly proposes that Narmer was suggesting a familial connection to Hathor, and along these lines giving him the status and intensity of a divine being. Different images incorporate the hedjet of upper Egypt that he wears on the front; the deshret of lower Egypt that he wears on the back; Narmer as a bull, an image of intensity utilized for a considerable length of time, decimating a braced city; and cat animals with since quite a while ago, interlaced necks being restrained speaking to the unification of upper and lower Egypt. With everything taken into account, the utilization of imagery in the Palette of King Narmer appears to intensely suggest that he had domain over the entirety of Egypt, that he could overcome any enemy, and that he was straightforwardly associated with the divine beings, which are largely ideas of the intensity of the Pharaoh that have been sustained all through all of old Egyptian history. The Lamassu, from the bastion of Sargon II, likewise utilizes a decent measure is imagery. Most importantly, the head is topped with horns, an image of divine beings. Also, the body is a bull, which, as recently referenced, is an image of intensity. Different animals joined together to make the Lamassu, the winged animal of prey and lion, were added to show that Sargon II was furious and amazing and to frighten those wishing to enter the fortification. Not exclusively is the Lamassu a cross breed animal, however it is additionally delineated in composite style, which means it is a crossover of perspectives. From the front, it gives off an impression of being standing honorably and from the side, it is taking a step. This deception is practiced by the expansion of a fifth leg that you can’t see from the front and one of the front legs you can’t see from the side. Engravings on the Lamassu acclaim Sargon II and revile any who might wish to hurt him. This portrayal of Sargon II is ordinary of Assyrian craftsmanship delineating a pioneer; incredible as a bull, furious as a lion, crafty and quick as a flying creature of prey. They saw their pioneers as being equivalent to the divine beings in power. Interestingly, Egyptians saw their pioneers as divine beings themselves, while Mesopotamians saw them just as equivalent to divine beings. Outwardly, they couldn't vary increasingly; one is a huge alabaster sculpture, and the other is a little greywacke cosmetics palette. In any case, they are fundamentally the same as in the manner that they speak to control through images. The bull is an image of intensity utilized in the two works. The two works have delineations leftover of their particular divine beings, almost certainly to contrast the pioneers in progress with a divine being. The two works praised a victory of sorts, however the Palette of King Narmer was appointed in little scope for individual use, and the Lamassu was charged as an enormous scope ornamentation. Unmistakably the two societies held attached to control somewhere down in their religion. Step by step instructions to refer to AP Art History, Papers AP workmanship history Free Essays

The Battle of the Coral Sea Essay Example

The Battle of the Coral Sea Paper World War II was battled from the time of 1939 till the time of 1945. This worldwide clash was a war between the incredible forces which at that point split into two rival sides: the Allies and the Axis. The Allies comprised of the U.S., China, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, Australia, and some more; though the Axis just comprised of Japan, Germany, and Italy. During this war, battling continually occurred on monstrous front that extended across countries and even waterways. There were such a large number of fights inside this war, a considerable lot of which are obscure, yet one critical fight is the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Battle of the Coral Sea was battled between the times of May fourth through the ninth of the year 1942. This fight assumed a huge job in the worldwide war. It was a fight between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States’s and Australia’s Air Force, battled completely via planes over the sea and plane carrying warships, where neither riva l side needed to confront each other ashore. This was the main fight to ever do as such, making the Battle of the Coral Sea a significant one in our history. The purpose for the fight was Japan’s want to assume responsibility for the Coral Sea by attacking Port Moresby in the south piece of New Guinea to drive Australia and New Zealand out of the war. It was a somewhat intricate arrangement that necessary much maritime coordination. They never anticipated that the United States should have the option to make sense of this plan.Their first arrangement was to attack the island of Tulagi in the Solomon Island chain so there they could have a base. After that they would then proceed with eastbound to Nauru and Ocean Island to assume responsibility for the two islands for their benefit.When the U.S. occurred to Tulagi attack rapidly, the Japanese armada swung west to take them out. At that point they go on westbound proceeding on planes, assaulting along the Australian coast. This was totally expected to be separated of their arrangement, however the United States had something different as a primary concern. The United States We will compose a custom paper test on The Battle of the Coral Sea explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Battle of the Coral Sea explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Battle of the Coral Sea explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Understanding Cognitive Dissonance (and Why it Occurs in Most People)

Understanding Cognitive Dissonance (and Why it Occurs in Most People) There is a popular kids’ story about a fox and some grapes. According to the story, the famished fox prowls the forests looking for something to fill his stomach. Luckily, the fox chances upon a vine with some ripe and juicy grapes. His hunger pushing him, the fox rushes to the vine.Unfortunately, the grapes are dangling from a branch that is a bit lofty. The fox takes a few steps back and leaps into the air, his jaws snapping as he tries to reach the grapes.Too bad.The grapes are just beyond his reach. Not one to give up easily, the fox tries to reach the grapes again, but for all his efforts, he can’t reach the grapes. After several unsuccessful attempts, the fox finally gives up. As he wanders off into the forest to search for something else to fill his stomach, the fox tells himself that the grapes were probably sour anyway. Why does he say this, when he knows for a fact that the grapes were looking ripe and juicy?Closer to home, away from the forests, all of us have had simi lar experiences. Almost everyone knows someone who has refused to give up smoking, even if the person knows smoking is not good for him or her. Despite all the scientific evidence showing the effects of smoking, the person convinces himself that smoking is not that bad for him.Other times, we do things that leave us feeling bad or guilty. For instance, you might decide to skip on your gym session so that you can catch an extra episode of the TV show you are watching on Netflix. Since you had made a commitment to yourself to go to the gym every day, you are left with a feeling of guilt even as you watch the TV show.Why does this happen? Why does the fox say the grapes are probably sour? Why does your friend justify his or her smoking even why they know it is harmful to their health? Why do you feel guilty after missing your gym session to catch a TV show? The answer to all these questions is something known as cognitive dissonance.WHAT IS COGNITIVE DISSONANCE? Cognitive dissonance re fers to the feelings of discomfort that arise when a person’s behavior or attitude is in conflict with the person’s values and beliefs, or when new information that is contrary to their beliefs is presented to them. People like consistency. They want the assurance that their values and beliefs have always been right. They always want to act in ways that are in line with their beliefs. When their beliefs are challenged, or when their behavior is not aligned with their beliefs, this creates a disagreement (dissonance).Since the dissonance is an uncomfortable feeling, the person must either change their behavior, their attitude or their belief in order to reduce the dissonance and restore balance. The uncomfortable feeling caused by cognitive dissonance might manifest itself as stress, anxiety, regret, shame, embarrassment, or feelings of negative self-worth.This explains why you feel bad when you miss your gym session. Since you believe going to the gym is good for your health and fitness, missing the gym for a TV show goes against your beliefs, causing an uncomfortable feeling. Since the smoker friend knows that smoking is bad and yet loves smoking, he tries to change his beliefs by convincing himself that smoking is not that bad. And unable to reach the grapes, the fox changes his attitude and convinces himself that the grapes were sour anyway.The first person to investigate cognitive dissonance was a psychologist known as Leon Festinger. Festinger infiltrated a cult where the members were convinced that the earth would be destroyed by a flood before the dawn of 21 December 1954.According to the cult leader, true believers would be rescued by a flying saucer and taken to a planet known as Clarion. In anticipation for the flood, some of the more committed members of the cult left their jobs, schools and spouses and gave away their money and possessions.Too bad for them, since the flood never came.However, this is where things get interesting. While the non- committed members who had not given up their lives realized that the cult leader had made fools out of them, the more committed members were convinced that their faithfulness saved the world. Rather than accept their belief was wrong, they found a way to explain the events in a way that preserved their belief system.After conducting a number of experiments, Leon Festinger came up with the theory of cognitive dissonance. According to the theory, every person has an innate drive to maintain an internal consistency of cognitions and to avoid a state of tension.Every person has an inner need to keep their beliefs and behaviors consistent. Any inconsistency caused by conflicting beliefs and behaviors causes a tension or disharmony. Just like hunger leads to an activity meant to reduce this hunger, the tension caused by cognitive dissonance will lead to an activity meant to reduce this tension.Since the avoidance of cognitive dissonance is an innate desire, cognitive dissonance has a very powerful influence on our actions and behaviors. It affects our evaluations, judgments and decisions. It also explains many common but irrational human tendencies, such as justification, rationalization and our constantly shifting beliefs and attitudes.For instance, someone who buys an expensively priced shoe from a luxury store when he could have bought the same shoe at a lower price from a different store convinces himself that the cheaper shoe is a fake to justify his purchase, even when there is no difference between the shoes.Similarly, a person who believes that good diet is good for health but loves eating junk food will experience cognitive dissonance. To reduce the tension, the person might reduce the amount of junk she consumes each week. In this case, the cognitive dissonance has provided motivation for her to change her Lifestyle.CAUSES OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCECognitive dissonance occurs when you find yourself in situations where there is an inconsistency between your va lues, beliefs, attitudes and actions. Such situations might be brought about by:Forced Compliance BehaviorForced compliance behavior refers to situations where a person is forced to perform actions that are not consistent with his or her beliefs. Consider an accountant who is told to cover up an instance of financial misappropriation by her boss. The accountant believes this is wrong, yet she might be forced to do it in order to retain her job.This leads to cognitive dissonance.Decision MakingDecisions are part of life. You have to make hundreds of decisions to get through each day. What you may not know is that decision making arouses dissonance as a general rule. This is because all decisions involve choosing between two or more alternatives. Each alternative has its pros and cons. Choosing one alternative means you will forego all the advantages of the unchosen alternative, while at the same time guaranteeing you the disadvantages of your chosen decision, something known as decis ion opportunity cost.This is what causes the dissonance. The more attractive or similar the two alternatives are, the more the cognitive dissonance you experience. To reduce this dissonance, people end up justifying their decisions, even in situations where they clearly made the worse decision.Let’s assume you have to choose between two jobs. One job is located in a third world country, but the pay is quite good. The other job is in your hometown, but the pay is not really what you would have wished for. If you take the job in the third world country, you will earn enough money in a few years to allow you buy to your dream home, but you will be away from your family and friends. If you take the job closer to home, you will be around your family and friends, but you won’t be able to afford your dream home.This can create a great deal of dissonance, since you want to be close to friends and family, while you also want to be able to buy your dream home. Once you make your decision â€" regardless of what you choose â€" you will find yourself justifying the decision. Your mind will find ways of supporting the decision to make you feel satisfied that you made the right decision.EffortHumans have a tendency to value achievements based on the amount of effort it took to achieve them. A person who had to save for 10 years to buy a Ferrari will value it more than that young man who made millions from cryptocurrencies within four months and bought himself a similar Ferrari.Things that take considerable effort are valued higher because we would experience dissonance if we spent a great deal of effort only to make a minor achievement.Unfortunately, the world does not always work this way. Sometimes, we put in a lot of effort only to get a dismal outcome. Expectedly, this leads to dissonance. In order to reduce this dissonance, we either convince ourselves that the outcome was okay, that we didn’t really expend a lot of effort, or that the effort was enjoyable. This i s referred to as effort justification.Gaining New InformationAnother major cause of cognitive dissonance is coming across information that goes against our beliefs. Let’s consider the example of Festinger’s cultists from the 1950s. These group of people believed that there would be a flood and that a flying saucer would come to their rescue. Come the morning of 21st December, there was neither a flood nor a UFO. This new information was against their beliefs, resulting in cognitive dissonance.To reduce their discomfort, the cultists then convinced themselves that the world was saved because of their faith, and they embarked on a new mission to spread the word to the world.FACTORS INFLUENCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCEThe degree of cognitive dissonance experienced by a person varies depending on the particular situation that caused the dissonance and the circumstances surrounding the situation. The intensity of the cognitive dissonance experienced is generally affected by the following factors:Personal cognitions, such as beliefs about self and personal values result in a higher degree of cognitive dissonance. People don’t like looking dumb, dishonest or unethical, therefore they will be very uncomfortable about any dissonance that threatens their self-image.The importance of the cognition. Generally, if the belief or value is highly valued, then the resulting dissonance will be stronger.The disparity between the consonant (harmonious) belief and the dissonant (conflicting) thoughts, action or information. The greater the disparity, the greater the dissonance.The possibility of explaining the dissonance in other ways. If there are multiple ways for explaining away the dissonance, then the intensity of the dissonance will be minimized.The ramifications of the decision, as well as the ease with which the consequences of the decision can be undone. Permanent decisions with significant ramifications tend to cause stronger dissonance.These factors determine the infl uence the dissonance and the lengths to which we will go to reduce or eliminate the discomfort. The stronger the dissonance, the more pressure there is to reduce the tension.HOW TO RECOGNIZE COGNITIVE DISSONANCECognitive dissonance is natural, and everyone goes through varying degrees of dissonance on a daily basis, depending on the different situations we find ourselves in and the beliefs being challenged. Often, the degree of dissonance is so insignificant that our minds resolve it without us being remotely aware that we were experiencing cognitive dissonance.Sometimes, however, the feeling of discomfort becomes strong enough that you become aware that something is not right, even if you might not recognize that you are experiencing cognitive dissonance.So, how can you tell with certainty when you are experiencing cognitive dissonance? Below are some common signs that signify dissonance:Feeling squeamish or uncomfortable: Have you ever felt an uncomfortable feeling in the pit of y our stomach right before or right after doing something or making a decision? More often than not, this is a sign that you are experiencing cognitive dissonance.Conflict avoidance: Some people don’t like conflicts or confrontations at all. When faced with a potential confrontational situation, they choose the path of least resistance, which is to avoid the conflict. Conflict avoidance can also be a sign of cognitive dissonance. Instead of facing the situation, they decide to avoid the mental anguish associated with the conflict.Ignoring the facts: Another sure sign of cognitive dissonance is ignoring the facts and making decisions that are wrong from a rational point of view. For instance, an obese person may continue consuming junk food even when they have been warned by the doctor that it will have adverse effects on their health.Rationalization: If you make a decision and then find yourself convincing yourself that you made the right decision, that right there is an indicator o f cognitive dissonance.FOMO: This is known as the fear of missing out. How many times have you ended up going up to the club with your friends when you know that you should be saving that money? The fear of missing out causes you to do something that is against your belief in order to look cool or to impress your friends. That is cognitive dissonance right there.Shame: When we do something that goes against our beliefs, especially our personal beliefs, we end up with a feeling of shame. Even after trying to rationalize what you did, you still feel remorse for it and may even want to hide your choices or actions from other people.Guilt: Doing something that is against your beliefs is also often accompanied by feelings of guilt. You feel that you messed up, that you should have done something else instead. The cognitive dissonance before such an action is usually signified by anxiety right before the action, followed by guilt after the action is done. This is usually followed by justi fication as you try to alleviate the guilt.WAYS OF REDUCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCEWhen there is a conflict between a person’s beliefs, thoughts, opinions and actions, the theory of cognitive dissonance claims that the person will take some steps in order to reduce the dissonance and the associated feelings of discomfort. There are three common reactions to cognitive dissonance. These are:Change The Dissonant BeliefsThis is the simplest and most effective way of resolving cognitive dissonance. Let’s consider your smoker friend. The friend is addicted to cigarettes, yet the cigarette pack contains a warning that smoking is harmful for health. This creates dissonance. He may look for new information that might override the belief that smoking is harmful.If he, for instance, comes across an article that claims that research has not shown a definite link between smoking and lung cancer, such information might result in him changing the belief that smoking is harmful to his health, ther eby reducing the dissonance.While changing the dissonant belief is the simplest way of reducing dissonance, it is not the most common. This is because, in most cases, people are not so willing to change their beliefs, especially the fundamental beliefs that they have formed since their childhood. This leads to the second reaction.Change The Conflicting Action Or BehaviorIf the person cannot find any new information to help them change his or her beliefs, the person can still solve the dissonance by getting rid of the action or behavior that causes the dissonance. Let’s take a look at our smoker friend again.Assuming that he couldn’t find any concrete information to make him change the belief that smoking is harmful to his health, our friend has the option of quitting smoking. Unfortunately, our friend is addicted to smoking, therefore quitting smoking will be a difficult thing for him. Just like our friend, many people do not successfully eliminate dissonance by changing their a ctions or behavior. This is because changing well-learned behaviors is not easy.Sometimes, the conflicting behavior or action might even have some benefit for the person (for example, a person who cheats in an exam). In such instances, the person needs a way to eliminate the dissonance without changing their beliefs or behavior, which leads us to the third method.Reduce The Significance Of The Conflicting BeliefThis is the most common method of reducing cognitive dissonance. With this method, the person changes how they perceive the conflicting belief or behavior. In other words, they find a way of rationalizing the conflicting cognition.Once again, let’s consider our smoker friend. Without any information to help him change his belief and unable to quit smoking, he might justify his smoking by saying that the world is full of health risks and he cannot realistically avoid all of them.Alternatively, he might tell himself that it is better to live a short life full of pleasure (smo king) than to live a long life without the pleasures. In so doing, he is reducing the significance of the belief that smoking is bad for his health.REAL-LIFE EXAMPLES OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCEBelow are some examples of cognitive dissonance in everyday life:Imagine a situation where a person gets hurt by their partner. You will hear most of them say that they should not have ignored the red flags. This is cognitive dissonance at play. The person actually sees signs that the partner has some negative traits, but since the person is in love, he or she convinces himself that they are temporary, or that the good traits of the partner overweigh these signs. This is the same reason why people stay in abusive relationships. For instance, a lady who gets hit by her lover after being in a relationship for a year experiences cognitive dissonance because she loves her partner but doesn’t love his behavior. To reduce the dissonance, she might overlook getting hurt and look at the positive traits of the partner. In so doing, the lady opts to stay with an abusive partner.Asked to compare their current partner and their ex, most people will rate their current partner highly, regardless of the actual differences between the two partners. Having made the decision to leave the ex and hook up with the current partner, people romanticize the current partner in order to be satisfied that they made the right decision.Imagine a HR manager who is ordered to dismiss an employee due to misconduct, even if there is no evidence showing any misconduct by the employee. The lack of evidence and the HR manager’s moral views of right and wrong may lead to cognitive dissonance. If he doesn’t follow the wishes of the board, the HR manager might be placing his own job on the line as well. This intensifies the dissonance and might even result in the HR manager experiencing stress.Most people with addictions know that the addictions are bad for them, yet they still want to indulge in their addi ctions, leading to cognitive dissonance. Many of them find ways of rationalizing or justifying their addictions, which makes it even harder for them to stop the addiction.WRAPPING UPCognitive dissonance is the feeling of discomfort we feel when our actions and behavior are not aligned with our beliefs and values. This feeling of discomfort is so great that cognitive dissonance can have a very significant influence on our decisions and the actions we take.Cognitive dissonance can also be used to manipulate us into doing things we do not want to.Becoming aware of the effect of cognitive dissonance on our decisions and understanding how we can overcome it can help us make better decisions and help us make positive behavior changes rather than continue lying to ourselves.

How the New Deal Failed to Achieve Its Objectives

â€Å"The New Deal failed to achieve its objectives† The ‘New Deal’ was introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, in his first 100 days in office. The new deal was based upon a series of economic programmes implemented in the United States by the federal government. Importantly, part of the new deal was based on the ‘Alphabet Agencies’ which were numerous amount of authorities/acts which were set up to either provide relief (for the people who had been affected by the great depression), reform (changing things to stop another crash from happening) and recovery (getting the economy going again). The main purpose for the New Deal was to get the economy going again and to give people the confidence again to spend. Even though this looked†¦show more content†¦Even though this being said, the Alphabet Agencies only provided short-term jobs, such as building roads and schools; once they were built people were out of jobs again. People were enjoy ing being back at work again, but sooner than they knew it they were back on the dole. In 1937, there were still 14 million people out of work, and the number reached to 19 million the following year. Once again, the new deal did not solve the problem of unemployment, but merely made the situation not as bad as it was. Industrial workers were also helped in the New Deal. The NRA and the Second New Deal greatly strengthened the positions of labour unions and made co-operations negotiate with them. Although, the new deal failed as unions were still treated with great suspicion by employers. Indeed, many strikes were broken up with brutal violence in the 1930’s. Large co-operations employed ‘heavies’ to deal/ take care of the union leaders, and sort of protect them from any disruption being made, which lead to being that unions were useless. Social welfare was boosted by the New Deal via the Social Security Act as it provided the USA with a semi- welfare state which included pensions for the elderly and widows and state help for the sick and disabled. Monthly cheques were being given out to help and benefit the people who needed it. On the other hand someShow MoreRelatedA Chinese Technology Company for Sale1015 Words   |  5 PagesManager at Indivers BV, has to develop a viable deal structure and negotiation strategy. Questions: What are the objectives of different parties on the sellers side? Specifically, what are the objectives of Indivers? Of QI-TECHs local management? Of QQMF? Of Roger Kollbrunner? Below we state different parties objectives: Indivers initially expected at least a 20% annualized return on the investment in QI-TECH. 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Commanders adept at integrating and synchronizing the joint functions in joint operations will achieve unity of effort and mission accomplishment. To utilizeRead MoreGraduate Level782 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment is being submitted January 15, 2016 for Dr. Leyland Lucas’s ENTR.664 Entrepreneurship course being offered in Winter 2016 | 1. Discuss the process that Sarah Foster and her partners have gone through to bring to market their medical device. How might they have avoided some of the pitfalls they have encountered? Even though Sarah Foster and her partner have done an awesome job in coming up with a great product it is however important to get advice and guidance from a professionals in that

Econometrics and financial statistics analysis Essay

Essays on Econometrics and financial statistics analysis Essay ASSIGNMENT Testing for the presence of Unit Root: Viewing the trends of the data and the series, it has been established the data presented has been quite helpful in establishing a viable basis for forecasting purpose. The return data of two companies i.e RETEDIN and RETFTSE ALLSHARE help provide us series. Methodology: In order to smooth the data series data and establish a more meaningful series for forecasting purposes, we should first taken quarterly averages of the data series by taking the average of the three months across each quarter. Following that and as per the protocols defined by Koop (2003, p 154-156), we can conduct a unit root test for each of the two variables first to establish whether or not the the series have a unit root. In order to test the series for a unit root, we can use use The Dickey-Fuller unit root test which can be applied. In order to do the Dickey-Fuller test on , we can use the following regression: (theorangedog.net) , and test the hypothesis that . If we can’t reject the null hypothesis, we say that the series has a unit root. In order to do this test in Excel, we computed . Our X variable is ‘’, for t –1 = 1,†¦,65 (or t = 2,†¦, n). In other words, we are regressing on lagged values of . Identify an appropriate univariate model for the estimation of each return series. Comment on the procedure adopted and pay particular attention to the identification, estimation and diagnostic stages of the modelling process. We can establish a univariate regression model for estimating the returns on each series. In developing this model, we can use quarterly average data series as Y or dependent variable, and RETEDIN series as X1 or first independent variable and RETFTSE ALLSHARE series as X2 or second independent variable. We can also calculate the correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination between the Y series with each of the two return series. After reviewing the statistics that validate the model, we can use this model to forecast returns. If these forecast figures show a narrow error margin, it indicates that the model developed is a robust one. Estimate the beta value for your share using a ‘market model’ specification and check the adequacy of the model using appropriate diagnostic tests. The beta value (ÃŽ ²) or the slope of the returns series of the market model can be calculated using the linear regression based on least squares method and the resulting coefficients of the intercepts and slope along with their related t-statistics and p-value will indicate the validity of these estimates. If the p-value of the estimated beta values is less than 0.05, we will conclude that the beta value estimate calculated by our model is valid and adequate for our purpose on hand. Explain what you understand by the term ‘stock market crash’. In September 2001 there was a significant stock market downturn. Using appropriate econometric techniques, test whether this event caused a significant change in the beta value of your share during the sample period. Comment on your results. According to investopedia.com, a stock market crash refers to a significant drop in the total value of a market in a relatively short span of time and be attributable to a bubble, thus leading to a financial situation wherein all the majority of investors are obliged to try to leave the market at the same time with the result that they have to reduce their stock prices. The beta value of our share must be negative in timers of economic downturn or stock market crash of 2001. A negative beta value with a p-value of less than 0.05 would indicate that the probability that the estimated beta value is erroneous is less than 5%. Thus the 95% confidence level can be attached to state that the stock market crash affected a trend in returns on the stocks of the two companies or our data series i.e RETEDIN series and RETFTSE ALLSHARE. References: 1. Koop, Gary. (2003) Analysis of economic data, 2nd edition: John Wiley Sons 2. Hill, Griffiths, Judge Undergraduate Econometrics 3. â€Å"How to do a ‘Regular’ Dickey-Fuller Test Using Excel. Downloaded from: theorangedog.net/wp-content/uploads/.../dickey-fuller-example.doc (accessed: 20.05.2011) 4. onlineregression13:    Multiple linear regression http://onlineregression.sdsu.edu/onlineregression13.php Accessed: (20.05.2011) 5. http://www.investopedia.com/features/crashes/crashes1.asp#axzz1tCUFb2Aj

Poetry and Painting Free Essays

Analysis on the Relationship Between Poetry Painting An analysis on the relationship between poetry and painting Lope De Vega, in one of his sonnets, refers to two famous contemporaries in a striking way; he calls the Italian poet Marino â€Å"a great painter for the ears† and the Flemish painter Rubens â€Å"a great poet for the eyes†. Six hundred year and 6000 miles away, a similar concept occurs in a parallel situation. The Chinese poet Su Shi, in one of his poems, praises two men, one a poet and the other a painter: â€Å"Tu Fu’s poems are figureless paintings, Han Kan’s paintings are wordless poems. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry and Painting or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both poems, a very special relationship is established between poetry and painting. They are considered parallel and comparable; more than that, they take each other’s place. A comparative treatment of the same phenomenon in two widely seperated and obviously unrelated literatures may bring out siginificant differents as well as integritions. Actually, the conversation between poetry and painting has been through centuries, traced back to 6th century until now, different people have different opinions. For Plato, poets and painters are both imitators and their work a third-generation removed from the truth. For Aristotle, â€Å"The poet being an imitator just like the painter or other maker of likenesses, he must necessarily in all instances represent things in one or other of three aspects, either as they were or are, or as they are said or thought to be or to have been, or as they ought to be. † More than five hundred years ago Leonardo da Vinci entered into a stinging debate with a bunch of pompous poets who degraded painting as a mechanical art. Defending the primacy of art, Leonardo—painter, architect, scientist, and a genius of high Renaissance—snapped: â€Å"If you call painting dumb poetry the painter may call poetry blind painting. † He argued that a good painter can provide a more intelligible and beautiful sense experience than a poet because painting satisfies the eye whereas poetry appeals to the ear and seeing is superior to hearing. In the 18th century the playwright and philosopher Gotthold Lessing described the intrinsic difference between ainting and poetry in terms of the distinction between image and word. He rejected the ancient belief that these two arts are in fact similar, or as the Roman poet Horace put it: Ut pictura poesis (painting is like poetry). Lessing also pointed out that the domain of painting is space while the domain of poetry is time. In my opinion, transfering a poem exactly to another form is quite an impossible task because of the unique nature of every vernacular and their peticular idioms. And on the other hand, painting as an art form is unique as well. It can portray astonishingly beautiful or ugly people, or show breathtakingly magnificent or depressingly dull landscapes and still lives and other visual phenomenon, which defy exact verbal description. Generally speaking, objects of the visual world can be represented in painting more accurately than in words. However, poetry has the upper hand in describing emotional states and mental events. A comparison of these two art forms reveals that in many ways both poetry and painting resist conversion, and they mutually defy transference into each other. However, despite their irreconcilable differences, painting and poetry share many common attibutes. With the development of literature and enlargement of understanding about this world, we have to acknowldge the integration of poetry and painting as well. Through five thousand years of continuous civilization, Chinese art has developed a rich language of symbols. By the second century the image of falling leaves, for instance, had become a metaphor for troubled times in which great talent was cast aside and unjustly punished with exile. Magnificent flowers often symbolize beautiful ladies. Rising above a lake they may represent fairies with red hair spins walking above the water and one single lotus flower in the Hua Qing Pool is like the entire world. In spite of its fragmentary posture western culture has produced great artists excelling in different branches of art. Among painters and poets the oeuvre of such artists as Michelangelo, Goethe, William Blake, Apollinaire and Picasso shows the unity of painting and poetry. As the proverb goes, â€Å"there is a poem painting, painting in poetry†. A successful poem, in my perspective, is the one with a relative aesthetic painting in our mind when we read it. That is what we called in Chinese Yi Jing. For example, a famous poem in China â€Å"Shi Zhi Sai Shang† written by Wang Wei, which gives us a picturesque painting in our mind immediately: the desolation and broadness of a frontier fortress, a puff of smoke and the setting sun†¦In terms of painting, painter integrates with poetic beauty. In Song dynasty, the task for getting a professional painter certification required examine to draw a painting according to a piece of poem. Poetry enters the painting, bringing the creativity into the painting. Even the limit of time can also be overcome. In conclusion, although poetry and painting have some differences, they both are important literature forms, we pay more attention to what they bring to us. In my vision painting and poetry invite us to step into a deeper level of reality that lies under the peel of surface appearances. The creativity power of art can play a significant role in ameliorating the human human condition, in making the planet a habitable and welcoming environment for ourselves and for future generations. Without concern, responsibility, care, compassion and love we cannot survive. How to cite Poetry and Painting, Papers

Reading Habits Questionnaire free essay sample

Yes ii. No 2. If so, how often do you read news paper in a week? i. 1 ii. 2-3 iii. 4-5 iv. 6-7 3. If not, why don’t you read newspaper? i. Because of internet ii. Because of TV iii. Because of radio iv. Please specify the other reason 4. Which newspaper do you read? i. English ii. Hindi iii. Punjabi iv. Please specify the other 5. In average how many minutes do you read newspapers per day? i. 0-10 ii. 10-30 iii. 30-60 6. Where do you read your newspaper? . Home ii. Office 7. What is the most important criteria when you choose newspaper? 8. Which part in the newspaper is the one you like the most? i. News ii. Sports iii. Entertainment iv. Business v. Please specify the other reason 9. Which part in do you dislike? i. News ii. Sports iii. Entertainment iv. Business v. Please specify the other reason 10. How many daily newspapers do you subscribe in your household? i. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Habits Questionnaire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One ii. Two iii. Three or more 11. Do you get the desired information in the newspaper? . Yes ii. No 12. Do you understand the vocabulary contained in the newspaper? i. Yes ii. No 13. With the internet being widely used, will you read less newspaper than before? i. Yes ii. No 14. Why do you choose newspaper rather than other media? i. Informative ii. Better at improving language skills iii. Reliable iv. Please specify other reason 15. Do you feel confident with the future of the newspaper industry with the rapid increase in the usage of internet? i. Yes ii. No